To assess the safety and tolerability of E10030 (Fovista; Ophthotech, New York, NY), a platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) antagonist, when administered in combination with an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agent, ranibizumab (Lucentis; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA) 0.5 mg, by intravitreal injection in participants with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD).

FDA has requested an additional information for Shire’s dry eye disease drug, lifitegrast.

Allergan Plc. has purchased AqueSys and its minimally invasive soft shunt for glaucoma, XEN45

Avedro has resubmitted a new drug application for its riboflavin opthalmic solution/KXL system for corneal cross-linking (CXL).

We appreciate the interest of Galvis et al in our article.1 Recent studies2–4 have shown that the posterior corneal surface has against-the-rule (ATR) astigmatism in most cases and keratometric astigmatism may misinterpret actual total corneal astigmatism. However, the exact reason remains unclear. In this article,1 focusing on distribution of corneal thickness, we explained the reason why posterior corneal surface tends to be ATR astigmatic. As Galvis et al pointed out, Koch et al2 and Tonn et al3 compared keratometric astigmatism with actual total corneal astigmatism using vector analysis to evaluate the contribution of posterior corneal astigmatism to total corneal astigmatism.

We read with interest the article by Ueno et al1 on corneal thickness and astigmatism. The authors stated, “It was found that the cornea was thicker in the vertical than in the horizontal direction, which can explain why the posterior cornea surface tends to be more [against-the-rule] astigmatic than the anterior corneal surface, as demonstrated by recent studies.” Clarification would be helpful. A steeper posterior corneal meridian aligned vertically correlates with the finding that the cornea is thicker along the vertical meridian.